$X-$rays are in nature similar to

Who invented $X-$rays?

$\Delta \lambda$ is the difference between the wavelength of the $K_\alpha$ line and the minimum wavelength of the continuous $X$-ray spectrum when the $X$-ray tube is operated at a voltage $V$. If the operating voltage is changed to $V / 3$,then the above difference is $\Delta \lambda^{\prime}$. Then:

In vacuum,an electron of energy $10 \ keV$ hits a tungsten target. The emitted radiation will be:

An $X$-ray tube operates at $50 \ kV$. It converts $1\%$ of the energy into $X$-rays. If the amount of heat produced is $495 \ W$, then the number of electrons striking the target per second is:

After passing through a gold film of thickness $5 \times 10^{-3} \ m$,the intensity of an $X$-ray beam decreases to $36.8\%$ of its initial intensity. The absorption coefficient is ....... $m^{-1}$.