Two point charges of $40 \ \mu C$ and $-20 \ \mu C$ are placed at a certain distance. If they are brought into contact and then placed at the same distance,what is the ratio of the electrostatic force in the two cases?

Column $II$ corresponds to the graph of magnitude of electric field versus distance from the centre of the charge distribution in Column $I$. Match the items in Column $I$ with the corresponding graphs in Column $II$.

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(A)$ Ring along its axis	$(P)$ Graph with a peak at a distance $r > 0$
$(B)$ Uniformly charged solid sphere	$(Q)$ Graph increasing linearly for $r < R$ and decreasing as $1/r^2$ for $r > R$
$(C)$ Uniformly charged spherical shell	$(R)$ Graph with zero field for $r < R$ and decreasing as $1/r^2$ for $r > R$
$(D)$ Combination of charge $+Q$ and $-Q$ at the perpendicular bisector	$(S)$ Graph with a maximum at the center and decreasing as $r$ increases

$A$ uniformly charged thin spherical shell of radius $R$ carries a uniform surface charge density of $\sigma$ per unit area. It is made of two hemispherical shells, held together by pressing them with force $F$ (see figure). $F$ is proportional to

The figure represents a crystal unit of cesium chloride, $CsCl$. The cesium atoms, represented by open circles, are situated at the corners of a cube of side $0.40 \, nm$, whereas a $Cl$ atom is situated at the centre of the cube. The $Cs$ atoms are deficient in one electron while the $Cl$ atom carries an excess electron.
$(i)$ What is the net electric field on the $Cl$ atom due to eight $Cs$ atoms?
$(ii)$ Suppose that the $Cs$ atom at the corner $A$ is missing. What is the net force now on the $Cl$ atom due to the seven remaining $Cs$ atoms?

Two identical charged spheres suspended from a common point by two massless strings of lengths $l$ are initially at a distance $d$ $(d << l)$ apart because of their mutual repulsion. The charges begin to leak from both the spheres at a constant rate. As a result,the spheres approach each other with a velocity $v$. Then $v$ varies as a function of the distance $x$ between the spheres,as:

Two small spheres of each charge $q$,mass $m$ and material density $d$ are suspended from a fixed point with the help of inextensible light threads. When the spheres are in air,the angle between the threads is $90^{\circ}$. When the spheres are suspended in a liquid of density $\frac{2}{3} d$,the angle between the threads is $60^{\circ}$. The value of the dielectric constant of the liquid is