$A$ beam of diameter $d$ is incident on a glass hemisphere as shown. If the radius of curvature of the hemisphere is very large in comparison to $d$,then the diameter of the beam at the base of the hemisphere will be:

$A$ spherical glass is attached to a rigid wall as shown in the figure. An observer located at point $O$ is looking at a point $A$ on the wall. The refractive index of the glass is $1.5$ and that of air is $1.0$. The distances are $OA = 8 \text{ cm}$, $XA = 3 \text{ cm}$. If the radius of curvature of the spherical glass surface is $R = 5 \text{ cm}$, then the apparent distance of $A$ from the observer $O$ is (in $\text{ cm}$)

$A$ narrow parallel beam of light falls on a glass sphere of radius $R$ and refractive index $\mu$ at normal incidence. The distance of the image from the outer edge is given by

In a long glass tube,a mixture of two liquids $A$ and $B$ with refractive indices $1.3$ and $1.4$ respectively,forms a convex refractive meniscus towards $A$. If an object placed at $13 \ \text{cm}$ from the vertex of the meniscus in $A$ forms an image with a magnification of $-2$,then the radius of curvature of the meniscus is:

Explain the refraction by two transparent spherically curved surfaces.

$A$ point object is placed at the center of a glass sphere of radius $6 \ cm$ and refractive index $1.5$. The distance of the virtual image from the surface of the sphere is.......$cm$