$A$ certain charge $Q$ is divided into two parts $q$ and $(Q-q)$. How should the charges $Q$ and $q$ be divided so that $q$ and $(Q-q)$ placed at a certain distance apart experience maximum electrostatic repulsion?

$(a)$ In a quark model of elementary particles,a neutron is made of one up quark [ charge $\frac{2}{3}e$ ] and two down quarks [ charges $-\frac{1}{3}e$ ]. Assume that they have a triangle configuration with side length of the order of ${10^{ - 15}} \ m$. Calculate the electrostatic potential energy of the neutron and compare it with its mass $939 \ MeV$. $(b)$ Repeat the above exercise for a proton which is made of two up and one down quark.

Coulomb's law for electrostatic force between two point charges and Newton's law for gravitational force between two stationary point masses,both have inverse-square dependence on the distance between the charges and masses respectively.
$(a)$ Compare the strength of these forces by determining the ratio of their magnitudes $(i)$ for an electron and a proton and $(ii)$ for two protons.
$(b)$ Estimate the accelerations of electron and proton due to the electrical force of their mutual attraction when they are $1 \mathring A \left( = 10^{-10} \, m \right)$ apart? $\left( m_{p} = 1.67 \times 10^{-27} \, kg, m_{e} = 9.11 \times 10^{-31} \, kg \right)$

The ratio of the relative strengths of the gravitational force and the electromagnetic force between two charged particles is

Two spherical conductors $B$ and $C$ having equal radii and carrying equal charges $Q$ repel each other with a force $F$ when kept apart at a distance $r$. $A$ third spherical conductor having the same radius as that of $B$ but uncharged is brought in contact with $B$,then brought in contact with $C$,and finally removed away from both. The new force of repulsion between $B$ and $C$ is

Three charges $4q, Q$ and $q$ are placed at positions $0, \frac{l}{2}$ and $l$ respectively along a straight line. If the resultant force on $q$ is zero,then $Q$ is equal to