$A$ concave mirror and a convex lens are held in water. What changes, if any, do you expect in their focal length?

Which of the following statements is true for light waves?

$(i)$ Describe an activity to find the approximate value of the focal length of a concave mirror.
$(ii)$ What happens to the size of the image of an object when it is moved gradually away from a convex mirror?
$(iii)$ In an experiment to study refraction through a glass slab,it is observed that a ray of light undergoing refraction emerges parallel to the direction of the incident ray. Why does it happen so? Explain with the help of a diagram.

$(a)$ Why does a ray of light passing through the centre of curvature of a concave mirror after reflection get reflected back along the same path?
$(b)$ Why are convex mirrors commonly used as rear-view mirrors in vehicles?
$(c)$ $A$ pencil partly immersed in water in a glass tumbler appears to be displaced at the interface of air and water. Name the phenomenon of light responsible for it.

One half of a convex lens of focal length $10\, cm$ is covered with a black paper. Can such a lens produce an image of a complete object placed at a distance of $30\, cm$ from the lens? Draw a ray diagram to justify your answer.
$A$ $4\, cm$ tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex lens of focal length $20\, cm$. The distance of the object from the lens is $15\, cm$. Find the nature,position and size of the image.

Name the type of mirror used in the following:
$(a)$ Solar furnace.
$(b)$ Side/rear-view mirror of a vehicle.
Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the formation of image in each of the above two cases.
Which of these mirrors could also form a magnified and virtual image of an object? Illustrate with the help of a ray diagram.