$A$ cyclic process $ABCDA$ is shown in the $P-V$ diagram. Which of the following curves represent the same process?

  • A
    Option A
  • B
    Option B
  • C
    Option C
  • D
    Option D

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One mole of an ideal gas $\left( \frac{C_p}{C_v} = \gamma \right)$ is heated according to the law $P = \alpha V$,where $P$ is the pressure of the gas,$V$ is the volume,and $\alpha$ is a constant. What is the molar heat capacity of the gas in this process?

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One mole of a diatomic gas does a work $\frac{Q}{3}$,when the amount of heat supplied is $Q$. In this process,the molar heat capacity of the gas is:

The initial state of a certain gas is $(P_i, V_i, T_i)$. It undergoes expansion until its volume becomes $V_f$. Consider the following two cases:
$(a)$ The expansion takes place at constant temperature.
$(b)$ The expansion takes place at constant pressure.
Plot the $P-V$ diagram for each case. In which of the two cases is the work done by the gas more?

Choose the incorrect statement from the following:
$S1$: The efficiency of a heat engine can be $1$,but the coefficient of performance of a refrigerator can never be infinity.
$S2$: The first law of thermodynamics is basically the principle of conservation of energy.
$S3$: The second law of thermodynamics does not allow several phenomena consistent with the first law.
$S4$: $A$ process,whose sole result is the transfer of heat from a colder to a hotter object,is impossible.

For a monoatomic ideal gas following the cyclic process $ABCA$ shown in the $U$ vs $\rho$ plot,identify the incorrect option:

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