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(A) The wavelength of the ultrasonic wave in water is given by $\lambda = v / f = 1500 / (0.5 	imes 10^6) = 3 	imes 10^{-3} \,m = 3 \,mm$.The height

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(A) The wavelength of the ultrasonic wave in water is given by $\lambda = v / f = 1500 / (0.5 	imes 10^6) = 3 	imes 10^{-3} \,m = 3 \,mm$.The height of the water column is $L = 61.5 \,mm$.For a standing wave in a column closed at one end (by the transducer) and open at the other (or reflecting off the bottom),the condition for resonance is $L = (2n - 1) \lambda / 4$.Here,$61.5 / 3 = 20.5$,which corresponds to $L = 41 \lambda / 2$ or similar standing wave modes. The standing wave creates regions of varying density in the water.Since the refractive index of water depends on its density,the water column acts like a diffraction grating or a phase-modulated medium for the incident light.Light passing through regions of different densities undergoes different phase shifts,leading to interference patterns on the screen.Because the standing wave has multiple nodes and antinodes along the $61.5 \,mm$ length,the intensity distribution on the screen will show multiple interference maxima and minima,which is best represented by the plot with multiple sharp peaks.

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