$A$ particle of mass $M$ is situated at the centre of a spherical shell of same mass $M$ and radius $a$. The gravitational potential at a point situated at a distance of $\frac{a}{2}$ from the centre will be:

$A$ hemispherical shell of mass $2M$ and radius $6R$ and a point mass $M$ are performing circular motion due to their mutual gravitational interaction. Their positions are shown in the figure at any moment of time during motion. If $r_1$ and $r_2$ are the radii of the circular paths of the hemispherical shell and the point mass respectively,and $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ are the angular speeds of the hemispherical shell and the point mass respectively,then choose the correct option.

Assume that a tunnel is dug along a chord of the earth,at a perpendicular distance $(R / 2)$ from the earth's centre,where '$R$' is the radius of the Earth. The wall of the tunnel is frictionless. If a particle is released in this tunnel,it will execute a simple harmonic motion with a time period:

$Assertion$ : The length of the day is slowly increasing.
$Reason$ : The dominant effect causing a slowdown in the rotation of the earth is the gravitational pull of other planets in the solar system.

State whether the following statements are true or false:
$(a)$ The value of '$g$' is slightly less at the poles than at the equator.
$(b)$ The unit $\text{Newton/kilogram}$ $(N/kg)$ is also a unit of acceleration due to gravity.
$(c)$ The escape velocity $v_e$ for a stationary object on the surface of a planet is directly proportional to the mass and radius of the planet.

$A$ tunnel is dug along the diameter of the Earth of mass $M$. $A$ mass $m$ is released at a distance $X$ from the center,and the time period of oscillation is $T$. If a mass $4m$ is released from the same point,what will be the time period of oscillation?