$A$ wire of non-uniform cross-section is carrying a steady current. Along the wire,

Which of the following quantities does not change when a resistor connected to a battery is heated due to the current?

$(a)$ The electron drift speed is estimated to be only a few $mm\; s^{-1}$ for currents in the range of a few amperes. How then is current established almost the instant a circuit is closed?
$(b)$ The electron drift arises due to the force experienced by electrons in the electric field inside the conductor. But force should cause acceleration. Why then do the electrons acquire a steady average drift speed?
$(c)$ If the electron drift speed is so small,and the electron's charge is small,how can we still obtain large amounts of current in a conductor?
$(d)$ When electrons drift in a metal from lower to higher potential,does it mean that all the 'free' electrons of the metal are moving in the same direction?
$(e)$ Are the paths of electrons straight lines between successive collisions (with the positive ions of the metal) in the $(i)$ absence of electric field,$(ii)$ presence of electric field?

$A$ metal has $9 \times 10^{28}$ conduction electrons per $m^3$ and its resistivity is $1 \times 10^{-8} \Omega \cdot m$. If the drift speed of an electron in the metal is $1.6 \times 10^6 \ m/s$, then its mean free path is (mass of electron $= 9 \times 10^{-31} \ kg$ and charge of electron $= 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \ C$). (in $nm$)

$A$ current of $5\, A$ passes through a copper conductor (resistivity $= 1.7 \times 10^{-8}\, \Omega \, m$) of radius of cross-section $5\, mm$. Find the mobility of the charges if their drift velocity is $1.1 \times 10^{-3}\, m/s$.

In a metallic conductor,under the effect of an applied electric field,the free electrons of the conductor