According to Oparin,which of the following was $NOT$ present in the primitive atmosphere of the Earth?

The time gap between the formation of the Earth and the origin of life is approximately .......

At present,the origin of life from inorganic compounds is not possible because,

Define/Explain: Proteinoids.

Two statements regarding the origin of life are given below:
$(a)$ The first organisms that emerged on Earth are believed to have been devoid of chlorophyll and incapable of respiration.
$(b)$ The first food-producing organisms were chemosynthetic and never released oxygen.
Based on the above statements,which of the following options is correct?

The formation of a new species is associated with which trait?