All bond lengths are identical in :-

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(C) In the nitrate ion $(NO_3^-)$,the nitrogen atom is $sp^2$ hybridized and the ion exhibits resonance. Due to the resonance effect,all three $N-O$ b

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$NO_3^-$

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(C) In the nitrate ion $(NO_3^-)$,the nitrogen atom is $sp^2$ hybridized and the ion exhibits resonance. Due to the resonance effect,all three $N-O$ bonds become equivalent,resulting in identical bond lengths. In contrast,$PCl_5$ has axial and equatorial bonds of different lengths,$ClF_3$ has a $T$-shaped structure with varying bond lengths,and $H_2SO_3$ has non-equivalent $S-O$ and $S=O$ bonds.

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What is a resonance structure? Why are resonance structures required? Explain with a suitable example.

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