Although Zr belongs to the 4d transition seri | vedclass

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(A) . The difficulty in separating $Zr$ and $Hf$ arises because they possess almost identical atomic and ionic radii.
This phenomenon is a direct con

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

Due to similar atomic sizes caused by lanthanoid contraction.

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(A) . The difficulty in separating $Zr$ and $Hf$ arises because they possess almost identical atomic and ionic radii.
This phenomenon is a direct consequence of the lanthanoid contraction.
As we move from the $4d$ to the $5d$ series,the filling of $4f$ orbitals occurs before the $5d$ orbitals.
The $4f$ electrons provide poor shielding of the nuclear charge,which leads to an increase in the effective nuclear charge.
This causes the atomic radii of $5d$ elements (like $Hf$) to be very similar to those of the corresponding $4d$ elements (like $Zr$).

Although $Zr$ belongs to the $4d$ transition series and $Hf$ belongs to the $5d$ transition series,it is quite difficult to separate them. Why?

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