An adult human excretes,on an average, . . . . . . litres of urine per day.

The first step in the urine formation is the filtration of the blood,which is carried by the ...$A$... and is called ...$B$.... On an average ...$C$... $mL$ of blood is filtered by the kidneys per minute,which constitutes ...$D$... of the blood pumped out by each ventricle of the heart in a minute. Choose the correct options for the blanks $A$ to $D$ to complete the given $NCERT$ statement.

If the diameter of the afferent renal arteriole is decreased and that of the efferent renal arteriole is increased,the ultrafiltration will

$A :$ Inulin is used in testing kidney function,especially glomerular filtration rate $(GFR)$.
$R :$ Inulin is a fructan storage polysaccharide.

Filtration fraction is the ratio of

The difference between glomerular filtrate and blood plasma is of: