An elementary particle of mass $m$ and charge $+e$ is projected with velocity $v$ at a much more massive particle of charge $Ze,$ where $Z > 0.$ What is the closest possible approach of the incident particle?

  • A
    $\frac{Ze^2}{2\pi \varepsilon_0 mv^2}$
  • B
    $\frac{Ze}{4\pi \varepsilon_0 mv^2}$
  • C
    $\frac{Ze^2}{8\pi \varepsilon_0 mv^2}$
  • D
    $\frac{Ze}{8\pi \varepsilon_0 mv^2}$

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