An object is kept at rest at a distance of $3R$ above the earth's surface,where $R$ is the earth's radius. The minimum speed with which it must be projected so that it does not return to earth is (Assume $M =$ mass of earth,$G =$ Universal gravitational constant).

$A$ spaceship of mass $2 \times 10^4 \, kg$ is launched into a circular orbit close to the Earth's surface. The additional velocity to be imparted to the spaceship in the orbit to overcome the gravitational pull will be $......$ (given $g = 10 \, m/s^2$ and radius of Earth $R = 6400 \, km$).

$A$ body is projected vertically upwards from the surface of the Earth with a velocity sufficient enough to carry it to infinity. The time taken by it to reach height $h$ is $....\,S.$

$A$ spaceship is stationed on Mars. How much energy must be expended on the spaceship to launch it out of the solar system? Mass of the spaceship $= 1000 \; kg$,mass of the Sun $= 2 \times 10^{30} \; kg$,mass of Mars $= 6.4 \times 10^{23} \; kg$,radius of Mars $= 3395 \; km$,radius of the orbit of Mars $= 2.28 \times 10^{8} \; km$,$G = 6.67 \times 10^{-11} \; N m^{2} kg^{-2}$.

Two spherical stars $A$ and $B$ have densities $\rho_A$ and $\rho_B$,respectively. $A$ and $B$ have the same radius,and their masses $M_A$ and $M_B$ are related by $M_B = 2M_A$. Due to an interaction process,star $A$ loses some of its mass,so that its radius is halved,while its spherical shape is retained,and its density remains $\rho_A$. The entire mass lost by $A$ is deposited as a thick spherical shell on $B$ with the density of the shell being $\rho_A$. If $v_A$ and $v_B$ are the escape velocities from $A$ and $B$ after the interaction process,the ratio $\frac{v_B}{v_A} = \sqrt{\frac{10n}{15^{1/3}}}$. The value of $n$ is. . . . .

$A$ body is projected vertically from earth's surface with $\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^{\text{rd}}$ of escape velocity. The maximum height reached by the body is ($R=$ radius of earth).