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Question

(A) The reactivity of aromatic compounds towards electrophilic substitution (like nitration) depends on the electron density of the benzene ring. Elec

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$C_6H_5COOH < C_6H_5Cl < C_6H_6 < C_6H_5NH_2$

Vedclass · Answer

(A) The reactivity of aromatic compounds towards electrophilic substitution (like nitration) depends on the electron density of the benzene ring. Electron-donating groups $(EDG)$ increase electron density and reactivity,while electron-withdrawing groups $(EWG)$ decrease it. $1$. $-NH_2$ is a strong activating group ($+R$ effect),making $C_6H_5NH_2$ the most reactive. $2$. $C_6H_6$ is the reference compound. $3$. $-Cl$ is a deactivating group ($-I$ effect dominates over $+R$ effect),making $C_6H_5Cl$ less reactive than benzene. $4$. $-COOH$ is a strongly deactivating group ($-I$ and $-R$ effects),making $C_6H_5COOH$ the least reactive. Therefore,the increasing order of reactivity is: $C_6H_5COOH < C_6H_5Cl < C_6H_6 < C_6H_5NH_2$.

Arrange the following groups in increasing order of reactivity towards electrophilic nitration reaction: $C_6H_6, C_6H_5Cl, C_6H_5COOH, C_6H_5NH_2$.

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