Assertion : Amines are basic in nature.
Reason : Presence of a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.

$A$ mixture of benzene and aniline can be separated by

Which is the correct decreasing order of basic strength for the following compounds?
$(I)$ Aniline
$(II)$ $p$-Nitroaniline
$(III)$ $p$-Cyanoaniline
$(IV)$ $p$-Toluidine

The order of basic strength of methyl substituted amines and $NH_3$ in aqueous solution is

Account for the following:
$(i)$ $pK_{b}$ of aniline is more than that of methylamine.
$(ii)$ Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not.
$(iii)$ Methylamine in water reacts with ferric chloride to precipitate hydrated ferric oxide.
$(iv)$ Although amino group is $o-$ and $p-$ directing in aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions,aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of $m$-nitroaniline.
$(v)$ Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.
$(vi)$ Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic amines.
$(vii)$ Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is preferred for synthesising primary amines.

Consider the reaction sequence from $P$ to $Q$ shown below. The overall yield of the major product $Q$ from $P$ is $75 \%$. What is the amount in grams of $Q$ obtained from $9.3 \ mL$ of $P$? (Use density of $P = 1.00 \ g \ mL^{-1}$,Molar mass of $C = 12.0, H = 1.0, O = 16.0$ and $N = 14.0 \ g \ mol^{-1}$)