Assertion $(A)$: Television signals are received through sky-wave propagation.
Reason $(R)$: The ionosphere reflects electromagnetic waves of frequencies in the range $(3-30)$ $MHz$.
Choose the correct option.

  • A
    $A$ is true,$R$ is true and $R$ is the correct explanation for $A$.
  • B
    $A$ is true,$R$ is true but $R$ is not the correct explanation for $A$.
  • C
    $A$ is true but $R$ is false.
  • D
    $A$ is false but $R$ is true.

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Match Column $A$ (layers in the ionosphere for skywave propagation) with Column $B$ (their height range).
Column $A$Column $B$
$A$. $D$-layer$I$. $250-400 \ km$
$B$. $E$-layer$II$. $170-190 \ km$
$C$. $F_1$-layer$III$. $95-120 \ km$
$D$. $F_2$-layer$IV$. $65-75 \ km$

The number of amplitude modulated broadcast stations that can be accommodated in a $300\, kHz$ bandwidth for the highest modulating frequency of $15\, kHz$ is:

Match Column $A$ (layers in the ionosphere for skywave propagation) with Column $B$ (their height range).
Column $A$Column $B$
$A$. $D$-layer$I$. $250-400 \ km$
$B$. $E$-layer$II$. $170-190 \ km$
$C$. $F_1$-layer$III$. $95-120 \ km$
$D$. $F_2$-layer$IV$. $65-75 \ km$

$A$ message signal of frequency $20 \, kHz$ and peak voltage of $20 \, V$ is used to modulate a carrier wave of frequency $1 \, MHz$ and peak voltage of $20 \, V$. The modulation index will be ..... .

The figure shows the waveform of an amplitude modulated wave. Its modulation factor is

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