Axles are made by heating rods of iron embedded in charcoal powder. The process is known as

Which of the following reactions takes place in the Bessemer converter during the extraction of copper?

Carbon reduction process is used for the extraction of

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $(A)$ and the other is labelled as Reason $(R).$
Assertion $(A):$ Aluminium is extracted from bauxite by the electrolysis of a molten mixture of $Al_2O_3$ with cryolite.
Reason $(R):$ The oxidation state of $Al$ in cryolite is $+3$.
In the light of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Which technique is used in the manufacture of aluminium from bauxite?

Iron obtained from blast furnace is: