Cybernetics is associated with

Which of the following is the primary source of energy for all ecosystems except deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystems?

The transfer of energy from one trophic level to another follows the second law of thermodynamics. The efficiency of energy transfer from herbivores to carnivores is: (in $\%$)

The transfer of energy from one trophic level to another occurs according to the second law of thermodynamics. What is the average efficiency of energy transfer from herbivores to carnivores (in $\%$)?

All organisms are directly or indirectly dependent on ......... for their food requirements.

In an aquatic ecosystem, which type of food chain is the major conduit for energy flow?