Define and design a test cross.

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(N/A) test cross is a genetic cross between an individual with an unknown genotype (showing a dominant phenotype) and a homozygous recessive parent. I

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(N/A) test cross is a genetic cross between an individual with an unknown genotype (showing a dominant phenotype) and a homozygous recessive parent. It is used to determine whether the individual is homozygous or heterozygous for a specific trait.
If the progeny produced by a test cross shows $50 \%$ dominant trait and $50 \%$ recessive trait (a $1:1$ ratio),then the unknown individual is heterozygous $(Rr)$.
On the other hand,if all the progeny produced show the dominant trait,then the unknown individual is homozygous dominant $(RR)$.

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$a$. Allele	$i$. Two alleles of a gene are identical
$b$. Genotype	$ii$. An individual having two different alleles of a gene
$c$. Homozygous	$iii$. Genetic constitution of an organism
$d$. Heterozygous	$iv$. Alternative forms of a gene

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