Describe the following:
$(a)$ Synapsis
$(b)$ Bivalent
$(c)$ Chiasmata
Draw a diagram to illustrate your answer.

(N/A) Synapsis: The pairing of homologous chromosomes is called synapsis. This process occurs during the zygotene stage of prophase $I$ of meiosis.
$(b)$ Bivalent: $A$ bivalent or tetrad is a pair of synapsed homologous chromosomes. They are formed during the zygotene stage of prophase $I$ of meiosis.
$(c)$ Chiasmata: Chiasmata are the $X$-shaped sites where non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes have exchanged genetic material (crossed over). They become visible during the diplotene stage of prophase $I$ of meiosis.