Dichlorocarbene is formed by chloroform and alcoholic $KOH$. Which reaction involves this carbene?

Product $(D)$ in the above reaction is:

$HOOC-COOH + HO^{18}CH_2-CH_2^{18}OH \xrightarrow[H^+]{\Delta} (A)$; Product $(A)$ is:

The structure of the product formed in the reaction given below is:

Based on the provided reaction scheme,determine the total number of stereoisomers of $B$.

Identify the reagents $X$,$Y$,and $Z$ in the following reaction schemes:
$(i)$ Benzene $\xrightarrow{X}$ Benzenesulfonic acid $\xrightarrow{Y}$ Sodium phenoxide $\xrightarrow{Z}$ Phenol
$(ii)$ Aniline $\xrightarrow{X}$ Benzenediazonium chloride $\xrightarrow{Y}$ Phenol
$(iii)$ Chlorobenzene $\xrightarrow{X}$ Sodium phenoxide $\xrightarrow{Y}$ Phenol