Discuss variations in atomic radii and ionization enthalpies in halogens.
(N/A) $(i)$ Atomic radii: The halogens have the smallest atomic radii in their respective periods due to maximum effective nuclear charge. The atomic radius of fluorine,like the other elements of the second period,is extremely small. Atomic radii and ionic radii increase from fluorine to iodine due to the increasing number of quantum shells.
$(ii)$ Ionization enthalpies: Halogens have very high ionization enthalpy,which indicates that they have very little tendency to lose an electron. The ionization enthalpy decreases down the group from fluorine to iodine due to the increase in atomic size. Iodine has the maximum tendency to lose an electron $(I^+)$ because of its large size and low ionization enthalpy.
$(ii)$ Ionization enthalpies: Halogens have very high ionization enthalpy,which indicates that they have very little tendency to lose an electron. The ionization enthalpy decreases down the group from fluorine to iodine due to the increase in atomic size. Iodine has the maximum tendency to lose an electron $(I^+)$ because of its large size and low ionization enthalpy.
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Which of the following statements regarding the properties of halogens are correct?
$(a)$ Due to small size and strong inter-electronic repulsion,the electron gain enthalpy of fluorine is less negative than that of chlorine.
$(b)$ Iodine has a different physical state and colour compared to other members of the group.
$(c)$ Fluorine does not show a positive oxidation state.
$(d)$ In $X_{2(g)} + H_2O(l) \rightarrow HX(aq) + HOX(aq)$ (where $X = Cl$ or $Br$).
$(a)$ Due to small size and strong inter-electronic repulsion,the electron gain enthalpy of fluorine is less negative than that of chlorine.
$(b)$ Iodine has a different physical state and colour compared to other members of the group.
$(c)$ Fluorine does not show a positive oxidation state.
$(d)$ In $X_{2(g)} + H_2O(l) \rightarrow HX(aq) + HOX(aq)$ (where $X = Cl$ or $Br$).
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View SolutionThe least active halogen with hydrogen is
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View SolutionWhich reaction has a positive value of $\Delta G^o$?
Medium
View SolutionWith reference to aqua regia,choose the correct option$(s)$.
$(1)$ Reaction of gold with aqua regia produces $NO_2$ in the absence of air.
$(2)$ Aqua regia is prepared by mixing conc. $HCl$ and conc. $HNO_3$ in $3:1$ $(v/v)$ ratio.
$(3)$ Reaction of gold with aqua regia produces an anion having $Au$ in $+3$ oxidation state.
$(4)$ The yellow colour of aqua regia is due to the presence of $NOCl$ and $Cl_2$.
$(1)$ Reaction of gold with aqua regia produces $NO_2$ in the absence of air.
$(2)$ Aqua regia is prepared by mixing conc. $HCl$ and conc. $HNO_3$ in $3:1$ $(v/v)$ ratio.
$(3)$ Reaction of gold with aqua regia produces an anion having $Au$ in $+3$ oxidation state.
$(4)$ The yellow colour of aqua regia is due to the presence of $NOCl$ and $Cl_2$.
Which of the following halogens is obtained from Caliche?
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