Distinguish between (Any two):
$(a)$ $IRV$ and $ERV$
$(b)$ Inspiratory capacity and Expiratory capacity
$(c)$ Vital capacity and Total lung capacity

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$a$. Inspiratory reserve volume $(IRV)$$a$. Expiratory reserve volume $(ERV)$
$1$. It is the additional volume of air that can be inspired by a forcible inspiration.$1$. It is the additional volume of air that can be expired by a forcible expiration.
$2$. It is about $2500-3500 \, mL$.$2$. It is about $1000-1100 \, mL$.

$b$. Inspiratory capacity $(IC)$$b$. Expiratory capacity $(EC)$
$1$. Total volume of air a person can inspire after a normal expiration.$1$. Total volume of air a person can expire after a normal inspiration.
$2$. $IC = TV + IRV$$2$. $EC = TV + ERV$

$c$. Vital capacity $(VC)$$c$. Total lung capacity $(TLC)$
$1$. Maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration.$1$. Total volume of air accommodated in the lungs at the end of a forced inspiration.
$2$. Includes $ERV + TV + IRV$.$2$. Includes $RV + ERV + TV + IRV$.

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