Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a convex lens when an object is placed:
$(a)$ Between optical centre and focus of the lens.
$(b)$ Between focus and twice the focal length of the lens.
$(c)$ At twice the focal length of the lens.
$(d)$ At infinity.
$(e)$ At the focus of the lens.

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(N/A) To draw the ray diagrams for a convex lens,follow these steps for each case:
$(a)$ When the object is between the optical centre $(O)$ and focus $(F_1)$: The image is virtual,erect,and magnified,formed on the same side as the object.
$(b)$ When the object is between $F_1$ and $2F_1$: The image is real,inverted,and magnified,formed beyond $2F_2$ on the other side.
$(c)$ When the object is at $2F_1$: The image is real,inverted,and of the same size as the object,formed at $2F_2$.
$(d)$ When the object is at infinity: The image is real,inverted,and highly diminished (point-sized),formed at the focus $F_2$.
$(e)$ When the object is at the focus $F_1$: The image is real,inverted,and highly magnified,formed at infinity.

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$(a)$ State the relation between object distance,image distance and the focal length of a spherical mirror.
$(b)$ Draw a ray diagram to show the image formed by a concave mirror when an object is placed between the pole and focus of the mirror.
$(c)$ $A$ concave mirror of focal length $15\, cm$ forms an image of an object kept at a distance of $10\, cm$ from the mirror. Find the position,nature and size of the image formed by it.

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Which of the following always form a virtual image?

Draw the ray diagram in each case to show the position,nature,and size of the image formed when the object is placed:
$(i)$ At the centre of curvature of a concave mirror.
$(ii)$ Within the focal length of a convex lens.
$(iii)$ Between the pole and focus of a concave mirror.
$(iv)$ In front of a convex mirror.
$(v)$ In front of a concave lens.

$(a)$ Define principal focus of a spherical mirror.
$(b)$ For what position of the object does a concave mirror form a real,inverted and diminished image of the object? Draw the ray diagram.
$(c)$ An object $4 \,cm$ high is placed at a distance of $6 \,cm$ in front of a concave mirror of focal length $12 \,cm$. Find the position of the image formed.

For which type of mirror will the image always be erect,regardless of the distance at which the object is placed?

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