Energy of an electron and a photon are equal. If the wavelength of the electron is $1\,\mathring{A}$,then the wavelength of the photon is approximately ............. $\mathring{A}$.

By a suitable example,show that the particle or wave nature of light depends on the type of experiment.

$A$ light beam of wavelength $500 \, nm$ is incident on a metal having a work function of $1.25 \, eV$,placed in a magnetic field of intensity $B$. The electrons emitted perpendicular to the magnetic field $B$,with maximum kinetic energy,are bent into a circular arc of radius $30 \, cm$. The value of $B$ is $.... \times 10^{-7} \, T$.
Given $hc = 20 \times 10^{-26} \, J \cdot m$,mass of electron $m_e = 9 \times 10^{-31} \, kg$,and $e = 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \, C$.

Match List $I$ with List $II$:

List $I$	List $II$
$A$. Planck's constant $(h)$	$I$. $[M^1 L^2 T^{-2}]$
$B$. Stopping potential $(V_s)$	$II$. $[M^1 L^1 T^{-1}]$
$C$. Work function $(\phi)$	$III$. $[M^1 L^2 T^{-1}]$
$D$. Momentum $(p)$	$IV$. $[M^1 L^2 T^{-3} A^{-1}]$

Answer the following questions:
$(a)$ Quarks inside protons and neutrons are thought to carry fractional charges $[(+2/3)e, (-1/3)e]$. Why do they not show up in Millikan's oil-drop experiment?
$(b)$ What is so special about the combination $e/m$? Why do we not simply talk of $e$ and $m$ separately?
$(c)$ Why should gases be insulators at ordinary pressures and start conducting at very low pressures?
$(d)$ Every metal has a definite work function. Why do all photoelectrons not come out with the same energy if incident radiation is monochromatic? Why is there an energy distribution of photoelectrons?
$(e)$ The energy and momentum of an electron are related to the frequency and wavelength of the associated matter wave by the relations:
$E = h\nu, p = \frac{h}{\lambda}$
But while the value of $\lambda$ is physically significant,the value of $\nu$ (and therefore,the value of the phase speed $\nu\lambda$) has no physical significance. Why?

Two parallel discs are connected by a rigid rod of length $L=0.5 \,m$ centrally. Each disc has a slit oppositely placed as shown in the figure. $A$ beam of neutral atoms is incident on one of the discs axially at different velocities $v$,while the system is rotated at an angular speed of $600 \,rev/s$,so that atoms only with a specific velocity emerge at the other end. Calculate the two largest speeds (in $m/s$) of the atoms that will emerge at the other end.