Explain the causes,effects,and control of global warming.

(N/A) Global warming refers to the gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere due to the greenhouse effect.
$1$. Causes: The primary cause is the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases $(GHGs)$ such as $CO_2$,$CH_4$,$CFCs$,and $N_2O$ in the atmosphere. These gases trap solar radiation (infrared rays) reflected from the Earth's surface. Human activities like deforestation,burning of fossil fuels,and industrial processes significantly contribute to this increase.
$2$. Effects: The rise in global temperature leads to deleterious changes in the environment,such as the melting of polar ice caps and glaciers,which causes a rise in sea levels. This threatens coastal regions with flooding. It also results in unpredictable weather patterns,such as increased frequency of droughts,floods,and storms,and negatively impacts biodiversity and agricultural productivity.
$3$. Control: Global warming can be controlled by:
$(a)$ Reducing the use of fossil fuels and shifting to renewable energy sources like solar and wind energy.
$(b)$ Improving energy efficiency in industries and transportation.
$(c)$ Reforestation and afforestation to increase carbon sequestration.
$(d)$ Reducing deforestation and limiting the emission of $GHGs$ through international agreements and policies.