Explain the types of overlapping of atomic orbitals with diagrams.

(N/A) Atomic orbital overlapping is classified based on the sign of the wave function ($+$ or $-$) and the orientation of the orbitals:
$1$. Positive Overlapping (Bonding): Occurs when orbitals with the same sign ($+$ with $+$ or $-$ with $-$) overlap. This leads to a lower energy state and bond formation.
$2$. Negative Overlapping (Antibonding): Occurs when orbitals with opposite signs ($+$ with $-$) overlap. This leads to a higher energy state and no bond formation.
$3$. Zero Overlapping: Occurs when the orientation of orbitals is such that there is no net overlap (e.g.,$p_x$ and $s$ or $p_x$ and $p_y$ in certain orientations). The net overlap is zero.