Four equal resistances dissipate $5 \, W$ of power together when connected in series to a battery of negligible internal resistance. The total power dissipated in these resistances when connected in parallel across the same battery would be ........... $W$.

Total $emf$ produced in a thermocouple does not depend on

$A$ room has an $AC$ running for $5$ hours a day at a voltage of $220$ $V$. The wiring of the room consists of $Cu$ wire of $1$ $mm$ radius and a length of $10$ $m$. Power consumption per day is $10$ commercial units. What fraction of it goes into Joule heating in the wires? What would happen if the wiring is made of aluminium of the same dimensions? $(\rho_{Cu} = 1.7 \times 10^{-8} \, \Omega m, \rho_{Al} = 2.7 \times 10^{-8} \, \Omega m)$

Two current elements $P$ and $Q$ have current-voltage characteristics as shown below:
Which of the graphs given below represents the current-voltage characteristics when $P$ and $Q$ are in series?

Two heaters $A$ and $B$ have power ratings of $1 \text{ kW}$ and $2 \text{ kW}$,respectively. These two are first connected in series and then in parallel to a fixed power source. The ratio of power outputs for these two cases is:

The direction of current in an iron-copper thermocouple is