Give differences between:
$(1)$ Grana and Stroma
$(2)$ $PS-I$ and $PS-II$
$(1)$ Grana and Stroma
$(2)$ $PS-I$ and $PS-II$
(N/A) $(1)$ Differences between Grana and Stroma:
$(2)$ Differences between $PS-I$ and $PS-II$:
| Grana | Stroma |
| $(1)$ It is the membranous system of the chloroplast. | $(1)$ It is the fluid-filled matrix of the chloroplast. |
| $(2)$ It contains pigments like chlorophyll $a$,chlorophyll $b$,carotenoids,and xanthophylls. | $(2)$ It contains enzymes required for the biosynthesis of sugars. |
| $(3)$ Light-dependent reactions take place here. | $(3)$ Light-independent (dark) reactions take place here. |
| $(4)$ $ATP$ and $NADPH$ are synthesized here. | $(4)$ $ATP$ and $NADPH$ are consumed here to fix $CO_2$. |
$(2)$ Differences between $PS-I$ and $PS-II$:
| $PS-I$ | $PS-II$ |
| $(1)$ The reaction center is $P_{700}$. | $(1)$ The reaction center is $P_{680}$. |
| $(2)$ It absorbs light at wavelengths up to $700 \; nm$. | $(2)$ It absorbs light at wavelengths up to $680 \; nm$. |
| $(3)$ It is involved in both cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation. | $(3)$ It is involved only in non-cyclic photophosphorylation. |
| $(4)$ Electrons released do not necessarily return to the reaction center in non-cyclic flow. | $(4)$ Electrons released are replaced by electrons from water photolysis. |
| $(5)$ Photolysis of water does not occur. | $(5)$ Photolysis of water occurs. |
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$R-$ The membrane system of chloroplast is responsible for trapping the light energy and also for the synthesis of $ATP$ and $NADPH$.
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