The heat required to convert $1 \, g$ of ice at $0^{\circ}C$ into steam at $100^{\circ}C$ is (given $L_{f} = 80 \, cal/g$,$c_{w} = 1 \, cal/g^{\circ}C$,$L_{v} = 536 \, cal/g$):

$A$ mass $m$ of material exists in its solid state at its melting temperature $0^\circ C$. The following processes occur to the material:
Process-$1$: An amount of thermal energy $Q$ is added to the material, and $\frac{2}{3}$ of the material melts.
Process-$2$: An identical additional amount of thermal energy $Q$ is added to the material, and the material is now a liquid at $40^\circ C$.
What is the ratio of the latent heat of fusion $(L)$ to the specific heat of the liquid $(s)$ for this material?

$A$ hailstone of mass $42 \,g$ falls from a height of $1.8 \,km$. If its entire potential energy is converted into latent heat, what is the mass of the hailstone remaining when it reaches the ground (in $\,g$)? $\left(g=10 \,ms^{-2}, L_{\text{ice}}=3.36 \times 10^5 \,J \,kg^{-1}\right)$

$A$ $10.0 \,W$ electrical heater is used to heat a container filled with $0.5 \,kg$ of water. It is found that the temperature of the water and the container rose by $3 \,K$ in $15 \,min$. The container is then emptied,dried,and filled with $2 \,kg$ of an oil. It is now observed that the same heater raises the temperature of the container-oil system by $2 \,K$ in $20 \,min$. Assuming no other heat losses in any of the processes,the specific heat capacity of the oil is ................ $\times 10^3 \,J K^{-1} kg^{-1}$.

Statement $(I)$: $A$ device in which heat measurement can be made is called a calorimeter.
Statement $(II)$: Skating is possible on snow due to the formation of water below the skates. Water is formed due to the increase of temperature and ice melts.
Statement $(III)$: Two bodies at different temperatures are mixed in a calorimeter. The total internal energy of the two bodies remains conserved.
Which of the following is correct?

What type of changes occur in an object by heating it?