How many vertical columns are there in the modern periodic table and what are they called?

What is the atomic number of sulphur?

What is the electronic configuration of sulphur?

The electronic configuration of an element $X$ is $2, 8, 8, 2$. To which $(a)$ period and $(b)$ group of the modern periodic table does $X$ belong? State its valency. Justify your answer in each case.

Find the atomic number of the element whose electronic configuration is $2, 8, 5$.

In the Modern Periodic Table,calcium (atomic number $20$) is surrounded by elements with atomic numbers $12$,$19$,$21$ and $38$. Which of these have physical and chemical properties resembling calcium?