How would you account for the irregular variation of ionization enthalpies (first and second) in the first series of the transition elements?

Vedclass pdf generator app on play store
Vedclass iOS app on app store
(N/A) Ionization enthalpies generally increase across the series due to the continuous filling of inner $d$-orbitals,which increases the effective nuclear charge.
The irregular variations are primarily due to the extra stability of specific electronic configurations like $d^{0}$,$d^{5}$,and $d^{10}$.
For the first ionization enthalpy,$Cr$ $(3d^{5} 4s^{1})$ has a relatively low value because removing one electron leads to a stable $3d^{5}$ configuration. Conversely,$Zn$ $(3d^{10} 4s^{2})$ has a high value because the electron is removed from a stable,fully-filled $4s$ orbital.
Second ionization enthalpies are generally higher than the first. Elements like $Cr$ and $Cu$ show exceptionally high second ionization enthalpies because their $M^{+}$ ions possess stable configurations ($Cr^{+}: 3d^{5}$ and $Cu^{+}: 3d^{10}$),making the removal of a second electron energetically demanding.

Explore More

Similar Questions

Among the following components of cement,which is present in the highest amount?

The basic character of the transition metal monoxides follows the order
(Atomic no. $Ti = 22, V = 23, Cr = 24, Fe = 26$)

Which of the following forms a colourless solution in aqueous medium?

Which one of the following statements is true for transition elements?

Stainless steel does not rust because

Vedclass Products

For Students

Vedclass Test Series

Mock tests in real JEE/NEET style with performance analysis. 5-day free trial.

Start Free Trial
For Teachers

Exam Paper Generator

Generate Set A/B/C/D exam papers from 7.5L+ questions in 2 minutes. 3 chapters free.

Try Free
For Institutes

Online Exam Module

Live online exams with unlimited students, 360° analytics & white-label branding.

See Demo