Identify $A$ in the following reaction: $A + \text{Acetic anhydride} \xrightarrow{H^{+}} \text{Aspirin} + \text{Acetic acid}$

$(A)$ Name the starting material used in the industrial preparation of phenol.
$(B)$ Write the complete reaction for the bromination of phenol in aqueous and non-aqueous medium.
$(C)$ Explain why a Lewis acid is not required in the bromination of phenol.

The major product formed in the following reaction is:

The ring deuteration of phenol:

The reaction,
$C_6H_5OH + CHCl_3 \xrightarrow{NaOH/\Delta} \text{o-hydroxybenzaldehyde} + H^+$
is known as:

Given below are two statements:
Statement $I$: Phenol on treatment with $CHCl_3 / aq. KOH$ under refluxing condition, followed by acidification produces $p$-hydroxybenzaldehyde as the major product and $o$-hydroxybenzaldehyde as the minor product.
Statement $II$: The mixture of $p$-hydroxybenzaldehyde and $o$-hydroxybenzaldehyde can be easily separated through steam distillation.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below: