If all the plants of the world die,all the animals will also die due to the shortage of:

Fill in the blanks.
$(a)$ Plants are called as . . . . . . because they fix carbon dioxide.
$(b)$ In an ecosystem dominated by trees,the pyramid (of numbers) is . . . . . . type.
$(c)$ In aquatic ecosystems,the limiting factor for the productivity is . . . . . . .
$(d)$ Common detritivores in our ecosystem are . . . . . . .
$(e)$ The major reservoir of carbon on earth is . . . . . . .

Match the columns:

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(i)$ Primary succession	$(i)$ Development of ecosystem
$(ii)$ Ecological succession	$(ii)$ Lichens
$(iii)$ Pioneer species on rocks	$(iii)$ Near to the equilibrium with the environment
$(iv)$ Climax community	$(iv)$ New species on bare environment

Which of the following is the correct sequence for primary succession in water (hydrarch succession)?

Consider the following four statements $(A-D)$ and select the correct option stating which ones are true $(T)$ and which ones are false $(F)$.
Statements:
$(A)$ Vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels in a community is called stratification.
$(B)$ Net primary productivity minus respiration losses is the gross primary productivity.
$(C)$ Rate of biomass production is called decomposition.
$(D)$ Annual net primary productivity of oceans is $55$ billion tons.

What is the approximate amount of carbon fixed in the biosphere annually through photosynthesis?