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(B) In a $P$-type semiconductor,trivalent impurity atoms are doped into an intrinsic semiconductor (like $Si$ or $Ge$).These trivalent atoms have thre

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Absence of one electron

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(B) In a $P$-type semiconductor,trivalent impurity atoms are doped into an intrinsic semiconductor (like $Si$ or $Ge$).These trivalent atoms have three valence electrons,which form covalent bonds with three neighboring atoms.The fourth bond remains incomplete,creating a vacancy known as a 'hole'.This hole represents the absence of an electron,which acts as a positive charge carrier with a magnitude equal to the electronic charge.Therefore,the correct option is $(b)$.

In a $P$-type semiconductor,there is

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