In a $PNP$ transistor,the base is the $N$-region. Its width relative to the $P$-region is

In the study of a transistor as an amplifier,if $\alpha = \frac{I_{C}}{I_{E}}$ and $\beta = \frac{I_{C}}{I_{B}}$,where $I_{C}$,$I_{B}$,and $I_{E}$ are the collector,base,and emitter currents respectively,then:

When $NPN$ transistor is used as an amplifier,

In the given common emitter transistor circuit,the base current is $I_B = 40 \, \mu A$. Determine the base-emitter voltage $V_{BE}$. (in $, V$)

In the common emitter mode of a transistor, when the collector-emitter voltage is changed by $0.4 \, V$, the collector current changes by $0.04 \, mA$. The output resistance is

In an $NPN$ transistor,$10^{8}$ electrons enter the emitter in $10^{-8} \ s$. If $1\%$ of electrons are lost in the base,the fraction of current that enters the collector and the current amplification factor are respectively: