In a radioactive material,the activity at time $t_1$ is $R_1$ and at a later time $t_2$ it is $R_2$. If the decay constant of the material is $\lambda$,then:

$A$ radioactive substance has a half-life of $1$ year. The fraction of this material that would remain after $5$ years will be

Half-life period of a sample is $15$ years. How long will it take to decay $96.875\%$ of the sample?

The normal activity of living carbon-containing matter is found to be about $15$ decays per minute for every gram of carbon. This activity arises from the small proportion of radioactive $_{6}^{14}C$ present with the stable carbon isotope $_{6}^{12}C$. When the organism is dead,its interaction with the atmosphere (which maintains the above equilibrium activity) ceases and its activity begins to drop. From the known half-life ($5730$ years) of $_{6}^{14}C$,and the measured activity,the age of the specimen can be approximately estimated. This is the principle of $_{6}^{14}C$ dating used in archaeology. Suppose a specimen from Mohenjodaro gives an activity of $9$ decays per minute per gram of carbon. Estimate the approximate age (in years) of the Indus-Valley civilisation.

$A$ sample contains $16\, g$ of a radioactive material, the half-life of which is $2\, days$. After $32\, days$, the amount of radioactive material left in the sample is:

The masses of two radioactive substances are same and their half-lives are $1 \ yr$ and $2 \ yr$ respectively. The ratio of their activities after $4 \ yr$ will be