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(A) i. Free expansions are adiabatic processes where there is no exchange of heat between the system and its environment,so $Q=0$.ii. In a free expans

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Free expansion

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(A) i. Free expansions are adiabatic processes where there is no exchange of heat between the system and its environment,so $Q=0$.ii. In a free expansion,the gas expands into a vacuum,meaning there is no external pressure to push against,so no work is done by the system,$W=0$.iii. According to the first law of thermodynamics,$\Delta U = Q - W$. Since $Q=0$ and $W=0$,the change in internal energy $\Delta U = 0$.iv. An example is the sudden rupture of a balloon or a tire,where gas rushes out into the surroundings without performing work on a piston or boundary.v. $A$ free expansion is an uncontrolled,irreversible,and instantaneous change where the system is not in thermodynamic equilibrium during the process,and it cannot be represented as a continuous path on a $p-V$ diagram.

In a thermodynamic process of uncontrolled change satisfying the equation $Q=W=0$,where $Q$ is heat supplied and $W$ is work done,the process is:

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