In gymnosperms,male gametes are discharged near the mouth of archegonia by:

Which group of plants is predominantly found in coniferous forests?

The 'sulphur shower' condition is related to:

What is absent in $Gymnosperms$?

Each plant or group of plants has some phylogenetic significance in relation to evolution. $Cycas$,one of the few living members of gymnosperms,is called the 'relic of the past'. Can you establish a phylogenetic relationship of $Cycas$ with any other group of plants that justifies the above statement?

Consider the following statements regarding gymnosperms and choose the correct option.
$I.$ In gymnosperms,the male and female gametophytes have an independent existence.
$II.$ The multicellular female gametophyte is retained within the megasporangium.
$III.$ The gymnosperms are heterosporous.
Of these statements: