In $Nepenthes$,the pitcher is a modification of which part of the leaf?

You have heard about several insectivorous plants that feed on insects. Nepenthes or the pitcher plant is one such example,which usually grows in shallow water or in marshy lands. What part of the plant is modified into a pitcher? How does this modification help the plant for food even though it can photosynthesize like any other green plant?

How is a pinnately compound leaf different from a palmately compound leaf?

Which of the following shows whorled phyllotaxy?

In $1/2$ distichous phyllotaxy:

Which of the following dicotyledonous plants exhibits parallel venation?