In the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chlorid | vedclass

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(C) In the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride $(NaCl)$ with inert electrodes,the solution contains $Na^{+}$,$Cl^{-}$,$H^{+}$,and $OH^{-}$ ions.At

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$Cl_2$ and $H_2$

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(C) In the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride $(NaCl)$ with inert electrodes,the solution contains $Na^{+}$,$Cl^{-}$,$H^{+}$,and $OH^{-}$ ions.At the cathode,the reduction of water is preferred over the reduction of $Na^{+}$ ions because the standard reduction potential of water is higher:$2H_2O(l) + 2e^{-} \rightarrow H_2(g) + 2OH^{-}(aq) ; E^{\circ} = -0.83 \ V$$Na^{+}(aq) + e^{-} \rightarrow Na(s) ; E^{\circ} = -2.71 \ V$Thus,$H_2$ gas is produced at the cathode.At the anode,although the oxidation potential of water is higher,the oxidation of $Cl^{-}$ ions is preferred due to overpotential effects:$2Cl^{-}(aq) \rightarrow Cl_2(g) + 2e^{-} ; E^{\circ} = -1.36 \ V$$2H_2O(l) \rightarrow O_2(g) + 4H^{+}(aq) + 4e^{-} ; E^{\circ} = -1.23 \ V$Therefore,$Cl_2$ gas is produced at the anode.

In the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride with inert electrodes,the products obtained at anode and cathode respectively are:

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