In the manufacture of steel,the Bessemer converter contains a lining of:

The purpose of smelting in metallurgy is ...........

The Ellingham diagram represents:

Write down the reactions taking place in different zones in the blast furnace during the extraction of iron.

Assertion : Extraction of iron metal from iron oxide ore is carried out by heating with coke.
Reason : The reaction,
$Fe_2O_{3(s)} \to Fe_{(s)} + 3/2 O_{2(g)}$ is a spontaneous process.

The Ellingham diagram represents a plot of: