In the organic reaction by fission of bond,which intermediate species are formed? Name these species and explain their stability.

Vedclass pdf generator app on play store
Vedclass iOS app on app store
(N/A) In organic compounds,covalent bonds are present between atoms. During organic reactions,the fission of a covalent bond takes place. Depending on the mode of electron displacement,three main types of reactive intermediates are formed:
$(a)$ In heterolytic fission,a carbocation or carbanion is formed.
$(b)$ In homolytic fission,a free radical is formed.
$(a)$ $(i)$ Carbocation: $A$ species in which a positive charge is present on the carbon atom. Examples: $H_3C^{+}$,$CH_3CH_2^+$,$(CH_3)_2CH^{+}$,$(CH_3)_3C^{+}$. The stability order is: $CH_3^+ < CH_3CH_2^+ < (CH_3)_2CH^{+} < (CH_3)_3C^{+}$ (i.e.,$\text{Methyl} < 1^{\circ} < 2^{\circ} < 3^{\circ}$).
(ii) Carbanion: $A$ species bearing a negative charge on the carbon atom. Examples: $H_3C^{-}$,$H_3CCH_2^-$,$(H_3C)_2CH^{-}$,$(CH_3)_3C^{-}$. The stability order is: $\text{Methyl} > 1^{\circ} > 2^{\circ} > 3^{\circ}$.
$(b)$ Free radical: These are produced by homolytic cleavage of covalent bonds. $A$ free radical contains one unpaired electron on the carbon atom. Examples: $\dot{C}H_3$,$CH_3\dot{C}H_2$,$(CH_3)_2\dot{C}H$,$(CH_3)_3\dot{C}$. The stability order is: $\dot{C}H_3 < CH_3\dot{C}H_2 < (CH_3)_2\dot{C}H < (CH_3)_3\dot{C}$ (i.e.,$1^{\circ} < 2^{\circ} < 3^{\circ}$).

Explore More

Similar Questions

Which of the following is the most stable carbocation?

Explain the heterolytic cleavage of organic compounds to form $(a)$ Carbocations and $(b)$ Carbanions with examples.

Difficult
View Solution

Arrange the following carbocations in decreasing order of stability:
$I: CH_3-CH_2^+$
$II: (CH_3)_2CH^+$
$III: Ph-CH_2^+$

Arrange the following carbocations in the increasing order of stability with respect to their labels:
LabelCarbocation
$1$$CH_3-CH^+-CH_3$
$2$$CH_3^+$
$3$$(CH_3)_3C^+$
$4$$CH_3-CH_2^+$

Due to the presence of an unpaired electron,free radicals become .......

Vedclass Products

For Students

Vedclass Test Series

Mock tests in real JEE/NEET style with performance analysis. 5-day free trial.

Start Free Trial
For Teachers

Exam Paper Generator

Generate Set A/B/C/D exam papers from 7.5L+ questions in 2 minutes. 3 chapters free.

Try Free
For Institutes

Online Exam Module

Live online exams with unlimited students, 360° analytics & white-label branding.

See Demo