In view of the signs of $\Delta_{r} G^{\circ}$ for the following reactions:
$PbO_2 + Pb \longrightarrow 2 PbO, \Delta_{r} G^{\circ} < 0$
$SnO_2 + Sn \longrightarrow 2 SnO, \Delta_{r} G^{\circ} > 0$
Which oxidation states are more characteristic for lead and tin?

  • A
    For lead $+2,$ for tin $+4$
  • B
    For lead $+2,$ for tin $+2$
  • C
    For lead $+4,$ for tin $+4$
  • D
    For lead $+4,$ for tin $+2$

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The lowest oxidation number of an atom $B$ in a compound $A_2 B$ is $-2$. The number of electrons in its valence shell is:

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