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(D) The energy required to remove an electron from a uninegative ion is known as the second electron affinity or the ionization energy of the anion.Co

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$Cl_{(g)}^{-} 	o Cl_{(g)} + e^{\Theta}$

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(D) The energy required to remove an electron from a uninegative ion is known as the second electron affinity or the ionization energy of the anion.Comparing the given processes,we are looking at the removal of an electron from $F^-$,$P^-$,$S^-$,and $Cl^-$.$F^-$ has a very small size and high electron density,making it difficult to remove an electron.$P^-$ has a stable half-filled $p$-orbital configuration ($3p^4$ after losing one electron,but the parent $P^-$ is $3p^4$),which is relatively stable.$S^-$ has a configuration of $3p^5$,and removing an electron leads to $3p^4$.$Cl^-$ has a stable noble gas configuration $([Ne] 3s^2 3p^6)$. Removing an electron from $Cl^-$ requires the least energy because the resulting $Cl$ atom is highly stable due to its half-filled $p$-subshell and the large size of the $Cl^-$ ion compared to $F^-$.Therefore,the process $Cl_{(g)}^{-} 	o Cl_{(g)} + e^{\Theta}$ requires the least energy.

In which of the following processes is the least energy required?

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The order of negative electron gain enthalpy of $Li$,$Na$,$S$,$Cl$ is

The formation of the oxide ion $O^{2-}_{(g)}$ requires first an exothermic and then an endothermic step as shown below:
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This is because:

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