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(D) The shedding of leaves in winter is a complex physiological process triggered by environmental factors.$1$. The shortening of day length $(photope

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(D) The shedding of leaves in winter is a complex physiological process triggered by environmental factors.$1$. The shortening of day length $(photoperiodism)$ and the fall in temperature act as external signals that initiate the process of leaf senescence.$2$. In response to these signals,a specialized zone called the $abscission$ $layer$ forms at the base of the petiole.$3$. This layer consists of thin-walled,cambium-like cells that are rich in protoplasm and starch.$4$. Enzymes such as $cellulases$ and $pectinases$ are secreted,which degrade the middle lamella and cell walls,causing the leaf to detach from the branch.Therefore,all the mentioned factors contribute to this process.

Column $I$	Column $II$
$(a)$ Fruit ripener	$(i)$ Abscisic acid
$(b)$ Herbicide	$(ii)$ $2,4-D$
$(c)$ Bolting agent	$(iii)$ $GA_{3}$
$(d)$ Stress hormone	$(iv)$ Ethephon

Leaves fall off from branches in winter due to

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Match the following concerning the activity function and the phytohormone involved.
Column $I$ Column $II$
$(a)$ Fruit ripener $(i)$ Abscisic acid
$(b)$ Herbicide $(ii)$ $2,4-D$
$(c)$ Bolting agent $(iii)$ $GA_{3}$
$(d)$ Stress hormone $(iv)$ Ethephon

Select the correct option from the following:

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