Light is incident normally on a completely absorbing surface with an energy flux of $25\,W\,cm^{-2}.$ If the surface has an area of $25\,cm^2,$ the maximum momentum transferred to the surface in $40\,min$ time duration will be

Sunlight falls normally on a surface of area $36 \, cm^{2}$ and exerts an average force of $7.2 \times 10^{-9} \, N$ within a time period of $20 \, minutes$. Considering a case of complete absorption,the energy flux of incident light is:

$A$ small mirror of mass $m$ is suspended by a massless thread of length $l$. Find the small angle through which the thread will be deflected when a short pulse of laser of energy $E$ falls normally on the mirror. ($c=$ speed of light in vacuum and $g=$ acceleration due to gravity)

What is the force exerted on a surface having an area of $10\, cm^2$ due to the radiation of the Sun?

$A$ parallel beam of monochromatic light of frequency $\nu$ is incident on a surface. The intensity of the beam is $I$ and the area of the surface is $A$. Find the force exerted by the light beam on the surface if it is perfectly reflecting and the light beam is incident at an angle of incidence $\theta$. (The speed of light is denoted as $c$.)

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $(A)$ and the other is labelled as Reason $(R)$.
Assertion $(A)$: The electromagnetic wave exerts pressure on the surface on which they are allowed to fall.
Reason $(R)$: There is no mass associated with the electromagnetic waves.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below: