Gregor Mendel was a native of which country?

Given below are two statements:
Statement $I$:
Mendel studied seven pairs of contrasting traits in pea plants and proposed the Laws of Inheritance.
Statement $II$:
Seven characters examined by Mendel in his experiment on pea plants were seed shape and colour,flower colour,pod shape and colour,flower position and stem height.
In the light of the above statements,choose the correct answer from the options given below:

$A$ cross in which an organism showing a dominant phenotype is crossed with the recessive parent in order to know its genotype is called

When a true breeding pea plant that has yellow seeds is pollinated by a plant that has green seeds,all the $F_1$ plants have yellow seeds. This means that the allele for yellow is

Which of the following statements is correct?

What is the cross between the progeny of $F_{1}$ and the homozygous recessive parent called? How is it useful?